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Women in Singapore
Women in Singapore, particularly those who have joined Singapore's workforce, are faced with balancing their traditional and modern-day roles in Singaporean society and economy. According to the book ''The Three Paradoxes: Working Women in Singapore'' written by Jean Lee S.K., Kathleen Campbell, and Audrey Chia, there are "three paradoxes" confronting and challenging the career women of Singapore. Firstly, Singapore's society expects women to become creative and prolific corporate workers who are also expected to play the role of traditional women in the household, particularly as wife and mother. Secondly, Singaporean women are confronted by the "conflict between work and family" resulting from their becoming members of the working population. Thirdly, Singapore's female managers are still fewer in number despite of their rising educational level and attainments when compared to male managers.〔Lee S.K., Jean, Kathleen Campbell, and Audrey Chia. (The Three Paradoxes: Working Women in Singapore ), postcolonialweb.org〕
==Business and politics==
At present, there is a low presence of female participants in the political arena of Singapore. Females constitute 42% of Singapore's workforce, however, a large portion of this number occupy low-level and low-salary positions. According to the 2011 article ''Women's Rights Situation in Singapore'', these discrepancies can be mainly attributed not to gender discrimination or gender inequality but instead to the women's lower educational qualifications and fewer job experiences than men, the women's focus and dedication to their role in family life, and the paternalistic character and Confucian temperament of Singaporean society.〔(Women's rights situation in Singapore ), February 9, 2011〕
In relation to entrepreneurship, in 1997 ''Bloomberg Busineweek'' stated that businesswomen in Singapore can be grouped into two main categories: the entrepreneur woman who was already able to establish and raise a family, and the businesswoman who sought a substitute to the conventional "career path". An example of a successful Singaporean businesswoman was Catherine Lam, who established the company known as Fabristeel, a manufacturer of steel carts. Before launching Fabristeel in 1979, Lam worked as an accountant for 10 years. Women in Singapore who ventured into running businesses were motivated by "better education, the labor shortage", the encouragement to achieve entrepreneurial success, and the resulting "flexible lifestyle" while doing business-related roles.〔Chang, Helen. (More women in Singapore take the entrepreneurial path ), SINGAPORE'S WOMEN ARE MINDING THEIR OWN BUSINESS (int'l edition), Archives, businessweek.com, April 7, 1997.〕
Another example is Lim Soo Hoon, who was Singapore's Woman of the Year in 1997. Lim was the first female Permanent Secretary of Singapore who worked for the Public Service Division of the office of the Prime Minister of Singapore. Lim held positions at Singapore's Ministry of Trade and Industry, then later into jobs in Singapore's Ministry of Transport, and then in the Ministry of Manpower, and Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports.〔(Singapore's Woman of the Year ), Lumen, The University of Adelaide Magazine, Lumen Winter 2007 Issue〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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